TEDE Coleção: Programa de Mestrado em Ciência AnimalPrograma de Mestrado em Ciência Animalhttp://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/72023-12-01T01:28:41Z2023-12-01T01:28:41ZDiversidade de rizóbios em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbensTERRA, Ana Beatriz Carvalhohttp://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/2612019-08-20T13:02:44Z2018-08-10T00:00:00ZTítulo: Diversidade de rizóbios em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens
Autor: TERRA, Ana Beatriz Carvalho
Primeiro orientador: FLORENTINO, Ligiane Aparecida
Abstract: Along with the increase in the world's population is its growing demand for food, requiring that the agricultural sector develop management techniques that not only favor productivity but also reduce costs and environmental impacts from production. Much of Brazil's pasture area is in a state of degradation, being unable to supply the productivity required by the animals. Therefore, the use of forage legumes has gained prominence as an alternative to allow a diet rich in proteins to animals, and to reduce costs with nitrogen fertilizers, which are mostly imported and have the potential to pollute water courses and contribute to the greenhouse effect. The legumes can establish interactions with soil microorganisms, called diazotrophic, which can be free living, associative, or symbiotic, that have the capacity to reduce atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) and to provide this nutrient to the plants by a process called biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). These microorganisms are also capable of promoting plant growth through various processes, such as the production of growth hormones. The synergism between symbiotic and associative bacteria has been studied, through coinoculation techniques, to increase crop production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diversity of diazotrophic bacteria found in pasture soil cultivated under Brachiaria decumbens, to authenticate and evaluate the efficiency of BNF in bacterial isolates in lupine and crotalaria, and to analyze the effects of the coinoculation with the strain Azospirillum brasilense (AbV-5) in these two legume species. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry and in the Experimental Sector of the José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS). Soil samples from four distinct areas were collected in the cities of Alfenas and Três Pontas (MG). The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria was evaluated by means of the morphological characterization of bacterial colonies isolated from nodules of bait plants, being estimated by the Shannon index, where it was possible to observe that forage peanut was the legume that showed the highest diversity values for all areas evaluated. The dry matter of the shoot (DMS), dry matter of the root (DMR), number of nodules (NN), nodule dry matter (DMN) and symbiotic efficiency (EFR) were used for evaluation of symbiotic efficiency and effects of coinoculation. In those analysis the isolate UNIFENAS 06-03 and UNIFENAS 05-21 showed better results for lupine and crotalaria, respectively, which presented higher values of MSPA, MSR and EFR.
Instituição: Universidade José do Rosário Vellano
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2018-08-10T00:00:00ZCaracterísticas fisiológicas de bactérias diazotróficas isoladas de Brachiaria brizantha cv. MaranduSILVESTRE, Gilmara Aparecidahttp://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/2512019-08-12T19:26:01Z2017-04-27T00:00:00ZTítulo: Características fisiológicas de bactérias diazotróficas isoladas de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu
Autor: SILVESTRE, Gilmara Aparecida
Primeiro orientador: FLORENTINO, Ligiane Aparecida
Abstract: FBN has been intensively studied due to nitrogen (N) supply, thus contributing to the sustainability of agroecosystems, especially in tropical regions, where soils are generally highly weathered and have a low level of natural fertility. The BNF process is carried out by N2-fixing bacteria, which can be found in free life, in association with several plant species or in symbiosis with legumes. Some species of associative bacteria, besides abundantly colonizing the rhizosphere, may also occur endofiticamente, that is, invade the cortex and colonize internal tissues in several plant species and contribute with part of the N necessary to the vegetal development. Therefore, this work was carried out with the objective of analyzing strains of bacteria tolerant to different salt concentrations and the production of the phormonium 3-indole acetic acid. Diversity was observed in relation to tolerance to saline concentrations and in the production of AIA by strains isolated from Brachiaria spp. Or in different grasses. Some of these showed tolerance to high salt concentrations and produced AIA at concentrations that may contribute to plant growth. In the solubilization of reactive natural phosphate in culture medium, it was observed that the contents of P (g L-1) present in the GL medium after The inoculation was superior to the control treatment, except the treatment inoculated with the strain Ab-V5, of the species Azospirillum brasilense the isolates differed among themselves, in the capacity of solubilization of the phosphate.
Instituição: Universidade José do Rosário Vellano
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2017-04-27T00:00:00ZBiossolubilização do fonolito por bactérias diazotróficas e potencial de utilização em Brachiaria Brizantha VC. MaranduMIRANDA, C. C. B.http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/2232019-05-08T17:45:12Z2016-06-03T00:00:00ZTítulo: Biossolubilização do fonolito por bactérias diazotróficas e potencial de utilização em Brachiaria Brizantha VC. Marandu
Autor: MIRANDA, C. C. B.
Primeiro orientador: Florentino, Ligiane Aparecida
Abstract: Potassium (K) is one of the most required nutrients on crops and their availability to plants depends on soil reserves and potassium fertilization. Brazil imports about 90% of K used in agriculture, requiring, therefore, studies related to the discovery of alternative sources of this nutrient, such as use of phonolite rock dust. However, this has slow release of K in the soil, making the utilization unfeasible in agriculture. In this sense, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential solubilization of potassium phonolite rock by strains of associative diazotrophs supplied with two carbon sources and verify the feasibility of the use of the phonolite rock powder Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and if the inoculation with bacterial strains diazotrophic and potassium solubilizing contribute to the development of forage. For this, two experiments were conducted, the first one in vitro, in which different bacterial strains were inoculated in Aleksandrov culture modified containing phonolite rock dust. We used two carbon sources, sucrose and glucose to check the effect of these on K. solubilization. The experiment was installed in design completely randomized in a factorial scheme 13 x 2, being 12 bacterial strains and an uninoculated control and two carbon sources. In general, all strains contributed to increase the concentration of K in the culture, highlighting the UNIFENAS 100-13 and 100-94 UNIFENAS strains, which were selected for use in the second experiment, in which these strains were inoculated in Brachiaria brizantha fertilized with different doses of phonolite. This experiment was installed in pots with capacity of 15 soil dm3, using the randomized complete block design (RBD), with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 6 x 3 x 3, with utilization of KCl and five doses of phonolite: 100, 75, 50 and 25% of the recommended dose of KCl and 3 inoculants variables (UNIFENAS 100-13 strain, UNIFENAS 100-94 strain and control without inoculation), being evaluated by 3 cutting periods. Were evaluated morphological parameters and bromatologics. The use of rock silicate powder phonolite associated with diazotrophs in the development of B. brizantha cv. Marandu promoted better nutritional value as a substitute for potassium chloride ( KCl) . The UNIFENAS 100-94 inculante with the treatment without inoculation had better nutritional value.
Instituição: Universidade José do Rosário Vellano
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2016-06-03T00:00:00ZGenotoxicidade de Handroanthus impetiginosus e lapachol potencialmente aplicáveis na produção animalCASTRO, Maysa M. E.http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1752018-03-02T17:52:47Z2018-02-21T00:00:00ZTítulo: Genotoxicidade de Handroanthus impetiginosus e lapachol potencialmente aplicáveis na produção animal
Autor: CASTRO, Maysa M. E.
Primeiro orientador: Boriollo, Marcelo M
Abstract: Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (HI) it has been widely used for an extended period in traditional medicine, and several studies have shown the presence of chemical compounds and phytotherapeutic potentials of this plant. The objective was to evaluate the genotoxicity of the extract of H. impetiginosus and lapachol (LAP), one of the main compounds found in this plant, using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. Experimental groups consisting of male and female Swiss albinus mice (Unib: SW) were evaluated after 24-48h (HI) e 24h (LAP) post treatment with Cyclophosphamide (CYCLO, 50 mg.kg-1), NaCl (150 mM), HI (0.5; 1.2 g.kg-1), LAP (0.075, 0.15, 0.30 g.kg-1). For HI, analysis of the MNPCEs showed significant differences between treatment doses (500–2,000 mg.kg-1) and NaCl. PCE/NCE showed significant differences between treatment doses (500–2,000 mg.kg-1) or NaCl compared to CP (50 mg.kg-1). This research suggests presence of genotoxicity in treatment doses 2,000 mg.kg-1, and mild genotoxicity in the others treatment doses (500–1,000 mg.kg-1) of HI, sex and time-independent and absence of toxicity doses-, time- and sex-independent. However, for lapacho, analysis of the MNPCEs showed significant differences between treatment dose (300 mg.kg-1) and NaCl. PCE/NCE showed significant differences between treatment doses (500–2,000 mg.kg-1) or NaCl compared to CP (50 mg.kg-1). This research suggests presence of genotoxicity of LAP, dose-dependent (300 mg.kg-1), but time- and sex-independent and absence of toxicity doses-, time- and sex-independent.
Instituição: Universidade José do Rosário Vellano
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2018-02-21T00:00:00Z